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French civic exam 2026, Institutions and political system
Why separate the three powers in a democracy?
An official question of the French civic exam, with its answer and the official text that proves it, in French and English.
Resident card no. 53
Pourquoi séparer les trois pouvoirs dans une démocratie ?
Why separate the three powers in a democracy?
Answer. To prevent a single person or body from holding all the power, and to protect freedoms.
Pour éviter qu'une seule personne ou un seul organe ait tous les pouvoirs, et pour protéger les libertés.
If the same people make the laws, enforce them and judge, they can abuse their power. Separating the powers allows them to check each other.
The official text that proves it
« Ce principe permet de garantir les droits fondamentaux et de conserver un équilibre : les pouvoirs se contrôlent mutuellement, ils sont neutres et ne peuvent s’exercer de façon arbitraire. »
This principle guarantees fundamental rights and maintains a balance. Powers check each other, they are neutral, and they cannot be exercised arbitrarily.
In French, with its English meaning. read the official sheet
Next questions in this theme
- What is the role of the government?
- What is the Hotel Matignon?
- What is the role of the President of the Republic?
- What is the role of the Prime Minister?
- Who is the head of the Government?
All 521 official questions, in French and English
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Questions from the official lists of the French Ministry of the Interior, quotations from the civic training sheets, the Constitution and the 1789 Declaration, Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0. This is not a government site. The official sheets are free, in French, on formation-civique.interieur.gouv.fr.
